生产运作战略概述

上一期我们讲述了企业战略战略选择，在知晓了企业的整体战略后，对于企业产品生产也需要战略支持，生产运作战略主要包括三方面：生产运作的总体战略；产品或服务的选择、设计与开发；生产运作系统的设计。类似于企业战略，也分为分析、选择、实施。一个良好的生产运作战略能够帮助企业生产更加高效、经济效益更高。本期我们将着重讲述生产运作战略中的整体战略，更全面了解该战略中究竟有什么。

In the last issue, we talked about the strategic choice of the enterprise, after knowing the overall strategy of the enterprise, the production of the enterprise product also needs strategic support, the production and operation strategy mainly includes three aspects: the overall strategy of production and operation; the selection, design and development of products or services; and the design of the production operation system. Similar to corporate strategy, it is also divided into analysis, selection, and implementation. A good production operation strategy can help enterprises produce more efficiently and economically. In this issue, we will focus on the overall strategy in the production operation strategy and have a more comprehensive understanding of what is in the strategy.

生产作业的总体战略

生产作业的总体战略主要包括：自制和外包的选择；产品结构和产业结构的选择；组织生产预测驱动还是订单驱动；采用何种供应链以及配送网络的选择。自制和外包从字面上理解便是是否自己生产，外包相对于自制要更加灵活，本公司不必需要相关生产设备，但目前因为顾客的需求以及市场个性化竞争日益凸显，越来越多的企业选择自制；产品结构分为一体化和模块化，一体化产品例如飞机，各零件是独特且非标准的，相对的，模块化例如电脑，各零件可以相互组合，联系之前所学，一体化产品适合纵向产业结构，模块化产品适合横向产业结构；预测驱动是根据市场需求预测进行生产，类似外界有一种助推企业进行开发，因此适合备货型生产，订单驱动很容易理解即是按顾客要求生产，因此就是订货型生产；高效供应链和敏捷供应链最大的区别便是注重的成本不同，前者更注重实体成本，而后者注重工序不协调产生的成本；配送网络因为位置和交付方式不同构成的配送网络也不同，主要是制造商存货加直送、制造商存货直送加在途并货、分销商存货加承运人交付、分销商存货加到户交付、制造商或分销商存货加顾客自提以及零售商存货加顾客自提。

The overall strategy of the production operation mainly includes: the choice of self-production and outsourcing; the choice of product structure and industrial structure; the organization of production forecasting driven or order-driven; the choice of supply chain and distribution network. Self-made and outsourcing from the literal understanding is whether to produce their own, outsourcing relative to self-production to be more flexible, the company does not have to need related production equipment, but at present because of customer needs and market personalized competition is becoming increasingly prominent, more and more enterprises choose self-made; product structure is divided into integration and modularity, integrated products such as aircraft, each part is unique and non-standard, relative, modular such as computers, each part can be combined with each other, contact with what was learned before, integrated products suitable for vertical industrial structure, Modular products are suitable for horizontal industrial structure; forecast drive is based on market demand forecast production, similar to the outside world there is a kind of boost enterprise development, so suitable for stock production, order drive is easy to understand is to produce according to customer requirements, so it is order-type production; the biggest difference between efficient supply chain and agile supply chain is to pay attention to the cost of different, the former pays more attention to physical costs, while the latter pays attention to the cost of uncoordinated processes; the distribution network is also different because of the location and delivery methods. It is mainly manufacturer inventory plus direct delivery, manufacturer inventory direct delivery plus in-transit and consolidation, distributor inventory plus carrier delivery, distributor inventory plus home delivery, manufacturer or distributor inventory plus customer pick-up, and retailer inventory plus customer pick-up.

参考资料：生产运作管理；翻译：谷歌翻译

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文案|李恒宇

排版|李恒宇

审核|李小雪